Thursday, 30 July 2015

organic chemistry - Ether cleavage with conc HBr


I've been asked to draw the mechanism by which benzene with Me on position 1 and OMe on position 2 goes to benzene with Me on 1 and OH on 2 by reaction with concentrated HBr.


I'm really unsure as to what is going on, I think its probably most likely that Br acts as a nucleophile and attacks the CO σ and then OH attacks the CBr σ but it doesn't seem like a likely pathway as OMe has a higher pKaH than Br and substitutions don't occur at sp2 centres.



Answer



Cleavage of ethers using strong acids (classically HI but HBr should work as well) can proceed by either an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. In this case the cation formed would be primary or phenyl, neither of which are stable, and so the reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism.


enter image description here


The oxygen is protonated in an equilibrium reaction. The bromide ion then attacks at the least hindered carbon and the CO bond breaks in a concerted SN2 mechanism.


(source)


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