It seems to me that 千 is exceptional in having it prefixed with 一.
As for
一,十,百, they work together with千to describe the numbers from 1 to 9999, so they compete with one another, or are complimentary. There is no combination like:一一, 一十, 一百, 十十, 十百 百百
As for
万,億,兆,京, etc., they are multiplied by a number from 1 to 9999, expressed by the prefix using一十,百千, so when that prefix turns out to be 1, 10, 100, 1000, then they are combined, and there are combinations like:一万, 十万, 百万, 千万, 一億, 十億, 百億, 千億, etc.
and there is no combination among themselves such as
万万, 万億, 億億, 万兆, 億兆, 兆兆, etc.
However, 千 is exceptional in that it is prefixed by 一 just when itself is prefixed to the characters 万, 億, 兆, 京, etc.
千
一千万
一千億
Why is 千 prefixed with 一 in this case? Why is it not like the following?
千
千万
千億
Answer
I'm mostly guessing here, but I think it might be in order not to mistake them for 三万 and 三億 when spoken. While せんまん and さんまん only differ by a vowel, いっせんまん and さんまん are easy to distinguish.
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