background: Per this abstract
Silicene, germanene and stanene are part of a monoelemental class of two-dimensional (2D) crystals termed 2D-Xenes (X = Si, Ge, Sn and so on) which, together with their ligand-functionalized derivatives referred to as Xanes, are comprised of group IVA atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice — similar to graphene but with varying degrees of buckling.
question: This comment notes
Graphene is not flat, either. Cannot be, because only 3D crystallites have perfect long-range order. Landau-Peierls instability this is called.
How general is this? Can we expect all stable 2D crystals to be buckled, and any that would be flat and not buckled to "self-destruct" due to instabilities related to long-range order?
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