Shulchan Aruch OC 125:1 rules (and the Rama agrees):
אין הצבור אומרים עם שליח ציבור נקדישך אלא שותקין ומכונין למה ששליח ציבור אומר עד שמגיע לקדושה ואז עונים הציבור קדוש
The congregation does not say along with the leader "Nakdishach" but rather remain silent and focus on what the leader says, until he gets to Kedusha and then the congregation answers "Holy [Holy Holy etc.]"
In my experience, the majority of the shuls nowadays go directly against this and say Nakdishach/Nekadesh before the hazzan.
When did this custom come about and what was the reasoning behind it?
Answer
The Levushei Serad to OC 109 (bio) speculates that the custom is based on the Taz 125:1 who argues that even if there is no reason to encourage reciting along with the Chazzan it is not prohibited to do so. However, the Levushei Serad notes that this isn't satisfying as later authorities (eg. Peri Megadim) nearly universally question the Taz's proof. He remains uncertain (צ"ע) as to the basis of the custom.
R Akiva Eiger to OC 125 quotes the Nezirut Shimshon who quotes from the Ari who apparently thought that Kabbalisticly one should recite all of the parts of Kedusha along with the Chazzan. However, looking up the Ari inside shows from the continuation of the quote that he held that only the first two words נקדישך ונעריצך should be said aloud and the rest of the leaders parts should be said along quietly. It is possible though that people just stopped being particular about that at some point and thus was born the practice you see. In any event one would still probably have to accept the Taz from above (or some variation thereof) that there is no prohibition to justify going against the apparent Halacha for a Kabbalistic consideration.
Despite all that, the near universal traditional practice of all Rishonim - to not say it - was still recommended by many Achronim, prominent among them the Gra (Maaseh Rav 44).
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