Tuesday 19 July 2016

organic chemistry - Is the ammonium substituent (-NH3+) really meta-directing in electrophilic substitution?


If we make a resonance structure for the anilinium ion, with positive charge at either the ortho or the para position, we get a pentavalent nitrogen, which is not possible. So, how is the $\ce{-NH3+}$ group meta-directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, e.g. in nitration of aniline under acidic conditions?




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readings - Appending 内 to a company name is read ない or うち?

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