When I first started learning Japanese, I learned that 飲む meant "drink" and 食べる meant "eat". These translations seemed to work for a while, but then I learned that you could 飲む things that you can't drink, like 息, タバコ, or 錠剤.
While going through various definitions for 飲む, I found one in particular that caught my eye (which I've abridged here, taken from the 集英社国語辞典):
１。（液体や固体を）かまないで、口から体内に取り込む。「ミルクをー」「薬をー」
２。（気体を）吸い込む。「たばこをー」
It got me thinking: is the fundamental difference between 飲む and 食べる whether you chew before you swallow? Can I express these words as:
- 飲む "to pass something through the mouth and into the body without chewing"
- 食べる "to pass something through the mouth and into the body with chewing"
Or is there a better way to explain the difference?
Answer
I completely agree that the difference between 食べる and 飲む is whether you chew it or not. For example, “eat some soup” is スープを飲む, not スープを食べる.
The entry for のむ (飲む, 呑む) in Daijisen has a slightly more detailed explanation in a usage note, although the purpose of the note is to explain the difference between のむ and 吸う:
「水を飲む」「薬を飲む」「卵を呑んだ蛇」などのように、「飲む」は液体や小さな固体など、口に入れたものを噛(か)まずに体内に送りこむことを言う。
My translation:
飲む means “swallow something (liquid, small solid, etc.) which was put to the mouth into the body without chewing” as in 水を飲む (drink some water), 薬を飲む (take medicine (orally)), 卵を呑んだ蛇 (a snake which swallowed an egg).
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