Monday 18 January 2016

What does it mean when newspapers give furigana for 常用{じょうよう} kanji?


In these following examples, a few words are given furigana:
シドニー立てこもり、治安部隊が突入 人質?担架で救出

年賀状家族や友達へ投函
金剛峯寺にゴボウ奉納 黒河道世界遺産目指し


So, it looks like that furigana is provided when a 人名用{じんめいよう} kanji needs to be read. That makes sense. But, here are exceptions: . While giving furigana for straight-up 常用 kanji happens rarely, it does happen and I can't detect why.


So, what is up when an adult newspaper gives furigana for 常用{じょうよう} kanji that are not using [当て字]{あてじ} readings? What metadata is revealed when a (for a native speaker) seemingly simple to read word is given furigana? Asahi and Yomiuri are written for Japanese native adults. Why then given them an assist with reading?



Answer



Newspapers do not 100% stick to the 常用漢字 kanji. They have their own style guidelines for kanji use, and there is such a thing as the "新聞常用漢字表".


This includes:


Kanji not in the joyo treated as joyo:



磯(いそ) 絆(きずな) 哨(ショウ) 疹(シン) 胚(ハイ)




Kanji in the joyo treated as non-joyo:



虞 且 遵 但 朕 附 又



Additional non-joyo readings treated as joyo:



証(あか-す) 鶏(とり) 虹(コウ)



Individual newspapers then have their own adjustments to this list. Asahi actually has the largest adjustments, and lists 66 joyo characters they treat as non-joyo (including the seven listed above).



This PDF contains the 新聞用語集 published in response to the new joyo list. It is quite thorough, not just a list of kanji you can/can't use. For example, for 茨 there's a warning note that it should be いばら if referring to the plant, 茨 to be used only for proper nouns (e.g. 茨城県, the reason that kanji is in the new list anyway).


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