Friday, 22 January 2016

organic chemistry - Acidity order of nitrophenols


As in other posts I have seen and learnt that, if one is given four compounds, namely para-nitrophenol, ortho-nitrophenol, meta-nitrophenol and phenol and is told to arrange them in order of acidity, then one has to take into account the -R and -I effect.


Now, for the inductive effect, the greatest intensity is observed at the ortho-position, followed by meta-, and then para-.


For the resonating effect, the intensity is greatest for para and lowest for ortho, while meta has no such effect. Now keeping in mind, that -R and -I both tend to withdraw electrons away from the phenol group (and thus increases the acidity), and the R effect has more contribution than the I effect, we can thus deduce that para-nitrophenol is most acidic, followed by ortho-nitrophenol, then meta-nitrophenol and since phenol has no ring activating group, it comes out to be least acidic in the given compounds.


The facts are the proof of my theory, where the pKa for: CompoundpKapara-nitrophenol7.16ortho-nitrophenol7.2meta-nitrophenol9.3phenol9.95


So far so good.


But one of my colleagues, when I asked the problem, tried to give the theory in different way. He said, in para-nitrophenol, hydrogen bonding is strongest, so it can't be most acidic, which in his view port should be least. I knew this is not the case, but I just can't explain or point out where he's been wrong. Can anyone of you make it little easy for me to understand it?





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