Friday, 15 January 2016

thermodynamics - Do I understand why heat capacity is called 'heat *capacity*'?


The notion of heat capacity seemed a little odd to me. I thought that the word 'capacity' could be throwing me off. Do I understand the notion correctly?


I take the word 'capacity' to express, roughly, 'the maximum amount of something that a thing can take'. My first intuition is that the maximum temperature of a system equals whatever temperature corresponds to every molecule in that system moving at the limit of the speed of light. Accordingly, if 'heat' denotes a certain species of energy transfer, then the heat capacity (i.e. the maximum amount of energy that a system can receive) should be equal to the number calculated by, for each molecule in the system, taking the difference between the speed of light and the molecule's starting speed, summing those differences, and then dividing by the number of molecules in the system. Accordingly, if everything else is equal (i.e. pressure and volume), then the heat capacity of a system is a function of the starting temperature of the system and its volume. At first blush, that conception of heat capacity seems compatible with the equation $C_x = \frac {Q}{\Delta T_x}$.




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