Is there any difference in meaning between these three structures? I think they all roughly mean "whether or not" but are they interchangable? Examples below:
両親は賛成するかしないかにかかわらず、僕は君と結婚します。
vs
明日来る来ないにかかわらず、必ずわたしに電話してください。
vs
明日は仕事を守れるかどうかが不安だった。
Answer
All of the forms that you have listed have the same effective meaning and are interchangeable, so long as they follow the proper context. Cross-searching these examples on Weblio, they are pretty much all listed as synonyms, with some seemingly trivial usage differences that I do not think will actually dissuade most speakers from using them interchangeably.
するかしないか standard colloquial
するしない casual colloquial
するかどうか standard (spoken or written)
するか否｛いな｝か formal (usually written); somewhat pedantic
To use as an example some advice once given by Master Yoda:
「やる」か、「やらない」かだけだ → OK
「やる」、「やらない」だけだ → OK
「やる」かどうかだけだ → a little strange (not quite casual enough)
「やる」か否かだけだ → strange (mixing formal with casual)
Finally, 「するのかしないのか、」or 「するのしないの、」 could be used to carry a separate nuance; one of impatience and frustration; e.g. ‘So, are you going to do it or not!?’.
If someone has another take I will be happy to consider editing.
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