Saturday, 22 August 2015

halacha theory - "A prophet cannot renew Halachot" rule limitations


Divrei HaYamim describes the process of building of the first Temple, hinting that the exact plan was prophesied:




וַיִּתֵּן דָּוִיד לִשְׁלֹמֹה בְנוֹ אֶת־תַּבְנִית הָאוּלָם וְאֶת־בָּתָּיו וְגַנְזַכָּיו וַעֲלִיֹּתָיו וַחֲדָרָיו הַפְּנִימִים וּבֵית הַכַּפֹּרֶת׃ וְתַבְנִית כֹּל אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בָרוּחַ עִמּוֹ לְחַצְרוֹת בֵּית־ה' וּלְכָל־הַלְּשָׁכוֹת סָבִיב לְאֹצְרוֹת בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים וּלְאֹצְרוֹת הַקֳּדָשִׁים׃ ...


הַכֹּל בִּכְתָב מִיַּד ה' עָלַי הִשְׂכִּיל כֹּל מַלְאֲכוֹת הַתַּבְנִית׃


David gave his son Solomon the plan of the porch and its houses, ... and of the treasuries of the holy things;...
“All this that the LORD made me understand by His hand on me, I give you in writing—the plan of all the works.”



There are multiple approaches to interpreting the last line, Rashi says that Shmuel learned that from the Torah, but others (Malbim, Radak) says it was prophesied, either by David himself (the Pshat of the verse) or by preceding prophets (Shmuel, Nathan, etc) that passed that knowledge to David.


This question only addresses the latter interpretation: if a prophet comes and says he received the measures of the about-to-be-built Temple from G-d, do we treat it as a prophesy and accept it or as a Halacha and reject?


And, therefore, what are the limits of what we can or cannot accept from a prophet based on the aforementioned rule?




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