Monday 8 June 2015

crystal structure - What is the reason for isotropy in amorphous solids?


In my book, it's been mentioned that crystalline solids are anisotropic whereas amorphous solids are isotropic in nature. The reason for these has been explained (with a diagram) as:



Crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature, that is, some of their physical properties like electrical resistance or refractive index show different values when measured along different directions in the same crystals. This arises from different arrangement of particles in different directions. Since the arrangement of particles is different along different directions, the value of the same physical property is found to be different along each direction.


Amorphous solids on the other hand are isotropic in nature. It is because there is no long range order in them and arrangement is irregular along all directions. Therefore, value of any physical property would be same along any direction.



My question is: similar arrangement of particles in different directions in crystalline solids gives rise to different physical properties. Then, how can disarrangement in amorphous solids in all directions give rise to same physical properties?


In other words, why do crystalline solids have properties (like electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and refractive index) different in different directions, and the amorphous solids have these properties same in all directions?




Answer



enter image description here


Assume that the spheres in the drawing are atoms.


In the second picture atoms are not orderly arranged. No matter where you go in crystal of a amorphous solid, the disarrangement will be same. Since in every direction, disarrangement is same, physical properties along every direction is also same. Therefore, amorphous solids are isotropic.


In the first picture, the arrangement is orderly. So, when you go in any direction, the arrangement will be different. It is also clear in the rectangles shown in the picture. Try doing it yourself on a piece of paper. Try finding any four different directions along which the arrangement is same.


Ps: Ignore my poor drawing skills.


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